4647259d-1172-4e8e-b11b-e8a01bdc08acRotary-screen printingtechnology mixSystemsTextiles, furnitures and other interiorsThe data are of industrial origin, thus the data quality can be considered as high. Though no data are available for the specific waste flows for this process their contribution to the environmental impact of this process can be assumed as low. Water losses due to evaporation are not recorded.4The data set represents the country / region specific situation, focusing on the main technologies, the region specific characteristics and / or import statistics.In a printing process the colour is applied to the fabric to defined areas to obtain the desired pattern. The physical and chemical processes between dye and fibre are analogous to dyeing processes, but different techniques are involved. Typically the following steps are carried out: 1. colour paste preparation: the dye or pigment is finely dispersed in a printing paste in high concentration 2. printing: printing paste is applied to the substrate 3. fixation: immediately after printing the fabric is dried and the prints are fixed with steam or hot air (pigment printing) 4. after treatment: washing and drying the fabric (not necessary for pigment or transfer printing) The composition of the paste is determined by the printing technique, the substrate, and the fixation method. The printing paste contains many different chemicals, such as thickening agents, oxidizing and reducing agents, hydrotropic substances like carbamide (urea), and solubilizing agents such as glycerine or glycols. These ingredients are metered and alloyed in a mixing station. The following methods exist for applying the printing paste to the fabric: direct printing (also digital and transfer printing), discharge printing and resist printing. In flat-screen and rotary-screen machines, which belong to the direct printing methods, the printing paste is transferred to the fabric through the openings of the screen, which correspond to the desired pattern. The paste is pressed through the openings by a squeegee. For every used colour there is separate screen. In the rotary-screen machine, the screens are made of metal foil in the form of cylinder rollers. This machine works continuously as the fabric moves under a set of cylinder screens. There is an automatic supply of the print paste from a tank to the inside of the screen and is forced through onto the fabric. A separate cylinder roller is needed for each colour. In the analyzed process eight colours are printed to the fabric.Provision of a standard technical product according to the applied technology.f316fe00-9008-11db-b606-0800200c9a66_Textile_Rotary-screen printingUnit process, single operationAttributionalNoneNot applicableFor details please see the document "GaBi Databases Modelling Principles"All data used in the calculation of the LCI results refer to net calorific value.NoneCut-off rules for each unit process: Coverage of at least 95 % of mass and energy of the input and output flows, and 98 % of their environmental relevance (according to expert judgement).
For further details please see the document "GaBi Databases Modelling Principles"NoneFor details please see the document "GaBi Databases Modelling Principles"NoneMass printing paste is not recorded on the output side (theoretically the fabric is getting heavier, but not all printing paste is printed to the fabric and water evaporation happens during steaming). Water (well water) connected with water (feed water) from the process potable water from groundwater.
For details please see the document "GaBi Databases Modelling Principles".NoneReference Document on Best Available Techniques for the Textile IndustryTextile Fertigungsverfahren - Eine Einfuehrung, 1998Data processed by ENEA in the context of the Towards Effluent Zero project (Towef0)100.0The data set represents a gate to gate unit process. It can be used to characterise related processes in LCAs. The modelling includes the process in itself. The water needed for the cleaning of the screens and squeegees is included. The supply of energy and raw material has to be combined specifically for each location. Process can be used for: cotton, silk, wool, polyacrylic, viscose and silk-acetate fabric.No statementThe LCI method applied is in compliance with ISO 14040 and 14044. The documentation includes all relevant information in view of the data quality and scope of the application of the respective LCI result / data set. The dataset represents the state-of-the-art in view of the referenced functional unit.thinkstepIABP-GaBiIBP-GaBiThe dataset and systems, which are provided with our software and databases for public use into a broad user community, are constantly used, compared, benchmarked, screened, reviewed and results published in various external, professional and third party LCA applications in industry, academia and politics. So user feedback via the online GaBi forum or direct via user information is a standard routine in the maintenance and update process and leads to stable quality and constant control and improvement of data, if knowledge or technology improves or industrial process chains develop or change.GaBi user forumGaBi bug forumGaBi user communityGaBi conformity systemFully compliantFully compliantFully compliantFully compliantFully compliantNot definedUNEP SETAC Life Cycle InitiativeNot definedNot definedNot definedNot definedNot definedNot definedILCD Data Network - Entry-levelNot definedNot definedFully compliantNot definedNot definedNot definedthinkstepThe data set represents a cradle to gate inventory. It can be used to characterise the supply chain situation of the respective commodity in a representative manner. Combination with individual unit processes using this commodity enables the generation of user-specific (product) LCAs. The data set does not necessarily fit for any possible specific supply situation - especially if significantly different technology routes exist - but is representative for a common supply chain situation.thinkstep2019-02-01T00:00:00.000ILCD format 1.1thinkstepNo official approval by producer or operator2019-02-01T00:00:00.00000.00.001Data set finalised; entirely publishedGaBi databasesthinkstep / ENEAtrueOtherGaBi (source code, database including extension modules and single data sets, documentation) remains property of thinkstep AG. thinkstep AG delivers GaBi licenses comprising data storage medium and manual as ordered by the customer. The license guarantees the right of use for one installation of GaBi. Further installations using the same license are not permitted. Additional licenses are only valid if the licensee holds at least one main license. Licenses are not transferable and must only be used within the licensee's organisation. Data sets may be copied for internal use. The number of copies is restricted to the number of licenses of the software system GaBi the licensee owns. The right of use is exclusively valid for the licensee. All rights reserved.FabricOutput1.01.00Mixed primary / secondaryMeasuredvaluable